Articles for author: Mitul Biswas

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officials return a Tarbosaurus bataar skeleton to the government of Mongolia

The Perfect Conditions for Fossilization (and Why They’re So Rare)

Most living things decompose without a trace after death, yet fossilization—nature’s exceptional preservation process—offers us windows into Earth’s distant past. From dinosaur bones to delicate leaf impressions, fossils form our understanding of prehistoric life. But why do some organisms become fossilized while countless others vanish completely? The answer lies in a rare confluence of events ...

The Rise of Dinosaur Commerce

Should Fossils Be in Museums or on Auction Blocks

The discovery of a Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton named “Stan” made headlines in 2020 when it sold for a record-breaking $31.8 million at auction, igniting intense debate within the scientific community and beyond. This astronomical price tag highlighted a growing tension between private fossil collectors and public institutions like museums. The question of whether ancient remains ...

T-rex Sue

From Flesh to Stone What Really Happens When a Dinosaur Becomes a Fossil

The incredible journey from living dinosaur to museum display piece spans millions of years and involves remarkable physical and chemical transformations. When we gaze upon the imposing skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex or the delicate impression of an Archaeopteryx, we’re witnessing the end result of a complex natural process that preserves fragments of ancient life ...

A pair of the microraptorine Microraptor searching the forest of Liaoning in spring.

The Dino With Four Wings Natures First Attempt at Flight

Deep in the fossil records of northeastern China lies evidence of one of evolution’s most fascinating experiments: a four-winged dinosaur that may represent nature’s early attempt at powered flight. These remarkable creatures, belonging primarily to the Microraptor genus, lived approximately 125-120 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous period. Their discovery has revolutionized our understanding ...

These Prehistoric Camels Once Roamed the Arctic

These Prehistoric Camels Once Roamed the Arctic

When we think of camels today, we typically envision them traversing hot, arid deserts in Africa and the Middle East. However, paleontological evidence tells a fascinating story that challenges this common perception. Long before modern camels adapted to desert environments, their ancient ancestors thrived in the frigid Arctic regions of North America. These prehistoric Arctic ...

Bird skulls in the Grant Museum of Zoology, London

Fossil Smuggling The Illegal Trade That’s Fueling Scientific Setbacks

The fossil record represents humanity’s most tangible connection to Earth’s ancient past. These petrified remains serve as irreplaceable scientific treasures that help researchers piece together the evolutionary puzzle of life on our planet. However, a shadowy industry threatens this precious scientific heritage—fossil smuggling. This illicit trade removes critical specimens from their scientific context, transports them ...

Illustration of a Pterosaur perched on a rocky terrain. It features long wings, a pointed beak, and is set against a rugged, stone background.

The Evolution of Bird Beaks From Raptors to Parakeets

Bird beaks, also known as bills, represent one of nature’s most remarkable examples of adaptive evolution. These specialized structures have diversified into an astonishing array of shapes and sizes, each finely tuned to a specific ecological niche. From the powerful curved beaks of eagles capable of tearing flesh to the delicate curved bills of hummingbirds ...

Parrots Help Us Understand Dino Communication

How Parrots Help Us Understand Dino Communication

When we imagine dinosaurs, we often picture them as silent giants stalking through prehistoric landscapes. But were they really so quiet? Recent scientific research suggests otherwise, and surprisingly, modern parrots—those colorful, chatty companions—are helping paleontologists decode how dinosaurs might have communicated millions of years ago. The evolutionary connections between birds and dinosaurs provide researchers with ...

The Cretaceous Arms Race

Biggest Dinosaurs Ever Discovered (And Where to See Them)

The prehistoric world was home to some of the most colossal creatures ever to walk the Earth. Dinosaurs dominated terrestrial ecosystems for over 165 million years, with some species evolving to truly staggering proportions. These giant dinosaurs continue to captivate our imagination, with their massive fossils drawing crowds to museums worldwide. Recent paleontological discoveries have ...